Subsequently, the pact between turkey and iraq was signed in baghdad on 24 february 1955. Thus the threat of communism, the memories of the occupation of azerbaijan as well as the knowledge of the american role in bringing this occupation to an end, decided the iranian choice visavis. Iraq, turkey, iran and pakistan, in 1955, has been. Britain and iran also signed the deal and were keen for pakistan to do likewise. The 1953 coup against mohammed mossadegh in iran has alarmed eisenhower administrati. The central treaty organization cento, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization meto, was a military alliance of the cold war. Whereas the friendly and brotherly relations existing between iraq and turkey are in constant progress, and in order to complement the contents of the treaty of friendship and good. Anwar sadats visit to jerusalem, 1955 harvard university.
The baghdad pact was created in 1955 by britain, iraq, turkey, iran and pakistan with the aim of strengthening regional defence and preventing the infiltration of the soviet union into the middle east. Sep 10, 2019 the baghdad pact 1955,was found by the western countriesleaded by uk as a pact against the sovetunion at that time. Until march 1959 the organization was known as the middle east treaty organization, included iraq, and had its headquarters in baghdad. Soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 by keltik excalibur. The baghdad pact 1955 the iraniraq war 19791988 the first gulf war 1991 iraqs failure to disarm 2003 saddam supports palestinian terrorism 2003 movement of wmd out of iraq 2005 the iraq study group report 2006 saddams interviews with the fbi 2009. Baghdad pact february 1955 treaty signed initially by school hudson valley community college. Baghdad pact february 1955 treaty signed initially by iraq and turkey mutual. Soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 by keltik. It was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey and the united kingdom and dissolved in 1979 us pressure and promises of military and economic aid were key in the negotiations leading to the agreement, but the united states. Both countries wanted to protect access to the vast oil. Nielsen book data summary this book explores the formation of the baghdad pact and angloamerican defence. The member states turkey, iraq, iran, pakistan, and.
Pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran baghdad pact, february 24, 19551 author. The name comes from the signing that too place in baghdad, iraq in 1955 and the main purpose of this. The baghdad pact, formally known as the pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran baghdad pact, february 24, 1955 had a main. Baghdad pact february 1955 treaty signed initially by iraq. Pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran. South asia and middle east defence in the cold war, 1947 1955 created date. The creation of the baghdad pact, a regional defence organization linking britain to. Baghdad pact 1955 antisoviet security pact sponsored by britain and the united states the baghdad pact formally came into existence in 1955. The central treaty organization cento, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization meto was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey, and the united kingdom.
An discussion of the origins and political setting of the baghdad pact part 2. The baghdad pact 1955 and the central treaty organization state. The collapse of the baghdad pact 195859 conclusion appendices bibliography index. The central treaty organization, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey, and the united kingdom. Central treaty organization project gutenberg self. Iraq eisenhower, dwight d postpresidential papers, 196169 1963 principal box 43 do 14 iraqikurdish civil war eisenhower, dwight d records as president white house central files, 195361 confidential file. Similar to the north atlantic treaty organization and the southeast asia treaty organization, the main purpose of the baghdad pact was to prevent communist incursions and. The central treaty organization cento, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization meto, was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey and the united kingdom. South asia and middle east defence in the cold war, 19471955 created date. Whereas the friendly and brotherly relations existing between iraq and turkey are in constant progress, and in order to complement the contents of the treaty of friendship and good neighbourhood concluded. Council the ministerial council of the baghdad pact held its second session in teheran from april 16 to 19, 1956. It was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey and the united kingdom and dissolved in 1979. The baghdad pact february 1955 jewish virtual library.
The central treaty organization cento the baghdad pact. Baghdad pact 1955 in the 1950s during the tense cold war years, irans physical proximity to the soviet union increased its security vulnerabilities. To keep soviet union out of the equation, since 1950s was time of decolonization and both us and ussr are trying to grab maximum number of partners in the world. Malik ghulam muhammad until 7 august, iskander mirza starting 6 october. This book explores the formation of the baghdad pact and angloamerican defence policies in the middle east, 19501959. Foreign assistance actin april of 1979 the united states suspended all economic assistance to pakistanover concerns about pakistans nuclear program. Muhammad ali bogra until 12 august, chaudhry muhammad ali starting 12 august. Iran, pakistan, and the united kingdom join the baghdad pact. The background to the formation of the baghdad pact springerlink. The question today is whether a pact of modernised democratic arab states that the bush administration is hoping to form will be more successful than its predecessor of half a century ago.
It was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey and the united kingdom. Us pressure and promises of military and economic aid were key in the negotiations leading to the agreement, but the united states could not initially participate. On 5 april, britains formal accession turned the turkishiraqi. It is also referred to as middle east treaty organization. Class 12 political science revision notes chapter 1 the. The creation of the baghdad pact, a regional defence organization linking britain to iraq, turkey, iran and pakistan, in 1955, has been surrounded by historiographical confusion. Viewed from one perspective, there was a broad unity of pur pose between british and american aims in the middle east at the start of 1955. The baghdad pact, formally known as the pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran baghdad pact, february 24, 1955 had a main purpose to hault communist expansion in the middle east. Baghdad pactpakistan was a member of the baghdad pact from its adoption in 1955, until the pactsdissolution in 1979. The background to the formation of the baghdad pact. The name comes from the signing that too place in baghdad, iraq in 1955. Buy soviet reaction to the baghdad pact, 1955 by keltik excalibur ebook online at lulu.
Henderson, was reported to emphasize the importance attached by the united states to the pact, and to have been a direct response to diplomatic. The united states observer delegation was headed by deputy under secretary of state loy henderson. The baghdad pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by turkey, iraq, great britain. The new republican regime of iraq withdrew the country from the alliance. Cento baghdad pact central treaty organization cento earlier middle east treaty organization, or baghdad pact organization mutual security organization dating from 1955 to 1979 and contained of turkey, iran, pakistan, iraq and the britain. Baghdad pact cento 1956 khrushchev stated peacefully coexist march 1957 eisenhower doctrine. Mar 03, 2012 baghdad pactpakistan was a member of the baghdad pact from its adoption in 1955, until the pactsdissolution in 1979. Central treaty organisation was the other name of bagdad pact. The wariness felt by many pakistanis towards the west partly has its roots in the cold war era. Egypt strongly opposed the baghdad pact, and conducted a vigorous campaign to prevent the accession of other arab countries. Much of this is explicable in terms of the impact of rapid international changes on longterm strategy, the importance of which has tended to be neglected by. Whereas the friendly and brotherly relations existing between iraq and turkey are in constant progress, and in order to complement the contents of the treaty of friendship and good neighbourhood concluded between his majesty the king of iraq and.
Events from the year 1955 in pakistan incumbents federal government. The baghdad pact 195579 grew out of a mutual cooperation pact signed between turkey and iraq on february 24, 1955. At the height of the cold war, the middle east, with strategic bases bordering the soviet union, vital communications links, and significant oil wealth, represented a valuable region for western interests. Iraq pulled out of the baghdad pact in 1959 and the remaining states formed the central treaty organization cento.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Baghdad pact february 1955 treaty signed initially by iraq and turkey mutual from hist 123 at hudson valley community college. Baghdad pact article about baghdad pact by the free dictionary. Baghdad pact international organization cambridge core. In 1955, the turcoiraqi pact later the baghdad pact was signed as a form of mutual protection in the middle east, the main threat being perceived as from the soviets. South asia and middle east defence in the gold war, 19477ndash. Arab countries, except iraq vvere on different sides. Box 7 acw diary december 1955 3 dde on the british and the baghdad pact dde diary series over the years, thousands of documents from the dde diary series have been declassified and refiled into this series.
Jul 24, 2016 the central treaty organization, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization was formed in 1955 by iran, iraq, pakistan, turkey, and the united kingdom. Pakistan, and great britain signed a defensive military agreement known as the baghdad. Media in category baghdad pact the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total. Baghdad pact central treaty organization cento the baghdad pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by turkey, iraq, great. Aug 22, 2011 baghdad pact, popular name for the 1955 prowestern defense alliance between turkey, iraq, iran, pakistan, and the united kingdom.
The islamic congress almost immediately split in february 1955, when pakistan joined the baghdad pact and indian prime minister jawaharlal nehru visited cairo. Ann whitman diary series box 7 acw diary december 1955 3 dde on the british and the baghdad pact dde diary series over the years, thousands of documents from the dde diary series have been. Until march 1959 the organization was known as the middle east treaty organization, included iraq, and had its. Nov 30, 2019 the central treaty organization cento, originally known as the baghdad pact or the middle east treaty organization meto, was a military alliance of the cold war. Baghdad pact, popular name for the 1955 prowestern defense alliance between turkey, iraq, iran, pakistan, and the united kingdom. The baghdad pact 1955 and the central treaty organization cento the baghdad pact was a defensive organization for promoting shared political, military and economic goals founded in 1955 by turkey, iraq, great britain, pakistan and iran.
Why did gamal abdel nasser refuse to join baghdad pact 1955. Central treaty organization cento, formerly middle east treaty organization, or baghdad pact organization, mutual security organization dating from 1955 to 1979 and composed of turkey, iran, pakistan, and the united kingdom. The baghdad pact 1955,was found by the western countriesleaded by uk as a pact against the sovetunion at that time. The baghdad pact 1955 and the central treaty organization. A military agreement was signed between iraq and turkey, and the term baghdad pact started to be used. Whereas the friendly and brotherly relations existing between iraq and turkey are in constant progress, and in order to complement the contents of the treaty of friendship and good neighbourhood concluded between his. Pact of mutual cooperation between the kingdom of iraq, the republic of turkey, the united kingdom, the dominion of pakistan, and the kingdom of iran baghdad pact, february 24, 1955. The baghdad pact is also know under the more correct term of central treaty organization cento, which was the term used after iraq left in 1959. It determines the aims with which the pact was established.
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